漫话三月街 | 大理三月街的 “前世今生”
来源: 大理融媒<div><br></div><div><p id="2LQQC3CE" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">大理三月街</strong></p><p id="2LQQC3CG" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">一年一度三月街，四面八方有人来。</strong></p><p id="2LQQC3CH" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">各族人民齐欢唱，赛马唱歌做买卖。</strong></p><p id="2LQQC3CI" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">——电影《五朵金花》插曲</strong></p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2Ffcb86869j00scmiux00c4d200fa00adg00gp00bb.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3CP" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">每年农历三月十五日，繁花似锦、春意盎然的大理坝子一下子就热闹起来了。生活在大理坝子里的各族人民穿着节日的盛装，成群结队，一路欢歌一路舞，齐聚到了大理古城西边的苍山中和峰脚下“赛马唱歌做买卖”。就连西南各省乃至全国、全世界的众多商家也带着各地的土特产品、中草药材、骡马牲畜、日用百货，纷纷云集大理，在苍山脚下结棚为市，大理三月街民族节在阵阵欢歌中鸣锣开街。</p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2F13b47e84j00scmiux001bd200gq009ig00hz00a7.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3CT" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">三月街是大理历史上一个盛大的民族传统盛会，也是滇西乃至云南、西南地区一个最古老、繁华的物质交流盛会。三月街具体起源时间史无确载。但据史料考察，三月街最初起源于汉唐时期，原为佛教的观音庙会，故又有观音古市之称。</p><p id="2LQQC3CV" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">清康熙年间圣源寺僧寂裕刊的白族佛教故事集《白国因由》记述：“隋末唐初，恶魔罗刹久据大理，人民深受其苦；唐贞观年间，从西天到来的观音终于制服了罗刹，使百姓各安其业。自是，年年三月十五，众皆聚集，以蔬食祭之，名曰祭观音处。后人于此交易，传为祭观音街，即今之三月街也。"这个故事至今在大理民间还广泛流传。传说固不可信，但这个美丽的故事，使我们窥见三月街的产生与佛教传入大理有着密切关系。</p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2F8a59026dj00scmiuy004fd200u000srg0081007o.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2F4e1d8a25j00scmiuz0048d200u000lcg009t006z.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3DA" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">唐、南诏国时期，南诏第六代王异牟寻于唐德宗贞元十年（公元794年）与唐使崔佐时在苍山中和峰麓的苍山神祠会盟，立铁卷一式四份，发誓与唐王朝世代友好。为了纪念这一重大日子，异牟寻晓谕万民，每年三月十五在苍山神祠前的广场上举行聚会。从此，观音古市就演变成了三月街。</p><p id="2LQQC3DC" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">宋、大理国时期，大理国第十七代国王段正兴（即段誉的儿子）励精图治，一方面积极主动与宋王朝修好，一方面大力发展经济。当时大理国因出产良马而闻名中原，南宋王朝专门在广西设立买马司，进口大理马。于是段正兴便把三月街变为马匹交易市场，每年成交良马达1500多匹。史载，当时的马市万商云集，来自湖广四川的商贩以丝绸、纸笔、胭脂花粉、人参等百货交换大理的马匹、刀剑、药材以及来自土蕃、西域各地的象牙、犀角、鹿茸等名贵特产。这时期的三月街已发展成为我国西南最大的边贸集市。</p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2F94802775j00scmiuz001cd200fy009ag00hz00ag.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3DG" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">明、清时期，三月街的规模同样宏大。明代李元阳的《云南通志》载：“观音市，三月十五日苍山下贸易各省之货。自唐永徽年间至今，朝代累更，此市不变。知是观音入大理，后人至日烧香，四方闻风，各以货来也。”明嘉靖《大理府志·市肆》载：“府观音市，在城西校场，以三月十五日集，至二十日散，十三省商贾咸至，于唐永徽年间，至今不改，以民便故也。”</p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2Fcfd3919aj00scmiv00012d200ac00b5g008g0093.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3DK" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">后来，在有关大理风情的游记和志书中，也有对三月街盛况的详细记载。公元1636年，徐霞客在其《滇游日记》中记下了他在三月街两日游的情景：“十五日，是日为街子之始。盖榆城有观音街子之聚，设于城西演武场中。其来甚久。抵十九日而散。十三省物无不至，滇中诸彝物亦无不至。”</p><p id="2LQQC3DM" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">清朝末年修纂的《大理县志稿》记载的就更为详尽了：“盛时百货生易颇大，四方商贾如蜀、赣、粤、浙、桂、泰、黔、藏、缅等地，及本省各州县之云集者殆十万计，马骡、药材、茶市、丝棉、毛料、木植、磁、铜、锡器诸大宗生理交易之，至少者值亦数万。”清代大理音乐家李燮羲也有一首《竹枝词》，描写了当时三月街的盛况：“昔时繁盛几春秋，百万金钱似水流。川广苏杭精巧货，买卖商场冠亚洲。”可见，当时三月街的规模之大，影响之广。</p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2F0916c058j00scmiv0005cd200u000k0g00hz00bz.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3DQ" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">新中国成立后，三月街的规模和内涵又有了新的拓展。它不仅是西南地区一个盛大的物资交流的大会，也成了一个民族团结和民族体育、歌舞的盛会。而且会期也不断延长，由原来的七天延长到了十多天，期间，白、回、汉、藏、彝、纳西、傣等民族前来赶会，每天赶街人数达十万人次。</p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2Fc478ee32j00scmiv1005ed200u000k0g00hz00bz.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3DU" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">1991年1月，根据《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》，经云南省第八届人大常委会批准，三月街被定为大理白族自治州的民族节。节日期间，商贸方面除保留传统的药材、大牲畜交易市场及民族工艺品展销之外，还增设了汽车、石油、钢材、金融、服饰等十多个交易市场。同时地方名优特产、地方民族饮食市场规模不断扩大，各种民族美食琳琅满目，逐渐形成三月街一张独具特色的名片。文体活动在传统赛马的基础上，还增加了影展、灯展、花展和射弩、秋千、民歌对唱、洞经音乐展演、民族歌舞展演等各种丰富多彩的活动。其中尤以赛马活动异彩纷呈，特色独具。</p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2Ff623abb0j00scmiv10038d200u000jdg00hz00bl.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3E1" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">赵渝 摄<br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p class="f_center" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif;"><img src="https://nimg.ws.126.net/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2024%2F0428%2F20a9d825j00scmiv2005id200u000k0g00hz00bz.jpg&thumbnail=660x2147483647&quality=80&type=jpg" style="box-sizing: inherit; border: 0px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px;"><br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3E5" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">“千年赶一街，一街赶千年”。周恩来总理在评价电影《五朵金花》时曾说：“这是美好的生活，美好的人”。大理三月街确实是美好的人民在美好的季节、美好的风光中举行的一次独具风姿的民族盛会。</p><p id="2LQQC3EE" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">作者：何显耀</p><p id="2LQQC3EF" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">编辑：唐恋 陈丝华<br style="box-sizing: inherit;"></p><p id="2LQQC3EG" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">值周：胡亚玲 张辉</p><p id="2LQQC3EH" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 34px; margin-bottom: 34px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(64, 64, 64); font-family: Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", STHeiti, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Microsoft Yahei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">主编：李胜</p></div>
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